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Nitration of Benzene

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Aromatic

Source Details

Id

eas-nitration

Name
{
  "en": "Nitration of Benzene",
  "ar": "النترتة من بنزين",
  "cs": "Nitration z Benzen",
  "da": "Nitrering of Benzen",
  "de": "Nitrierung of Benzol",
  "el": "Nitrσεiσε της Βενζόλιο",
  "es-419": "Nitración del benceno",
  "es-ES": "Nitración del benceno",
  "es": "Nitración del benceno",
  "fi": "Nitraus of Bentseeni",
  "fr": "Nitration du benzène",
  "he": "ניטרציה של בנזן",
  "hr": "Nitration od Benzen",
  "hu": "Nitrnálion of Benzol",
  "id": "Nitrasi Benzena",
  "it": "Nitrazione del benzene",
  "ja": "ベンゼンのニトロ化",
  "ko": "벤젠의 나이트로화",
  "lv": "Nitration nav Benzols",
  "nb": "Nitrering of Benzen",
  "nl": "Nitrering of Benzeen",
  "pl": "Nitration z Benzen",
  "pt-BR": "Nitração do benzeno",
  "pt-PT": "Nitração do benzeno",
  "ro": "Nitrare de benzen",
  "ru": "Nitration из Бензол",
  "sk": "Nitration z Benzen",
  "sl": "Nitration od Benzen",
  "sv": "Nitrering of Bensen",
  "th": "ไนเตรชันของเบนซีน",
  "tr": "Benzen Nitrolamolarakı",
  "uk": "Nitration з Бензен",
  "vi": "Nitro hóa benzen",
  "zh-Hans": "苯的硝化",
  "zh": "苯的硝化"
}
Type
{
  "en": "Aromatic",
  "ar": "عطري",
  "cs": "Aromatická",
  "da": "Aromatisk",
  "de": "Aromatisch",
  "el": "Αρωματική",
  "es-419": "Aromática",
  "es-ES": "Aromática",
  "es": "Aromática",
  "fi": "Aromaattinen",
  "fr": "Aromatique",
  "he": "ארומטי",
  "hr": "Aromatska",
  "hu": "Aromás",
  "id": "Aromatik",
  "it": "Aromatica",
  "ja": "芳香族",
  "ko": "방향족",
  "lv": "Aromātiska",
  "nb": "Aromatisk",
  "nl": "Aromatisch",
  "pl": "Aromatyczna",
  "pt-BR": "Aromática",
  "pt-PT": "Aromática",
  "ro": "Aromatică",
  "ru": "Ароматические",
  "sk": "Aromatická",
  "sl": "Aromatska",
  "sv": "Aromatisk",
  "th": "อะโรมาติก",
  "tr": "Aromatik",
  "uk": "Ароматичні",
  "vi": "Thơm",
  "zh-Hans": "芳香族",
  "zh": "芳香族"
}
Subtype
{
  "en": "Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution",
  "ar": "استبدال عطري إلكتروفيلي",
  "cs": "Elektrofilní aromatická substituce",
  "da": "Elektrofil aromatisk substitution",
  "de": "Elektrophile aromatische Substitution",
  "el": "Ηλεκτρονιόφιλη αρωματική υποκατάσταση",
  "es-419": "Sustitución aromática electrofílica",
  "es-ES": "Sustitución aromática electrofílica",
  "es": "Sustitución aromática electrofílica",
  "fi": "Elektrofiilinen aromaattinen substituutio",
  "fr": "Substitution aromatique électrophile",
  "he": "התמרה ארומטית אלקטרופילית",
  "hr": "Elektrofilna aromatska supstitucija",
  "hu": "Elektrofil aromás szubsztitúció",
  "id": "Substitusi aromatik elektrofilik",
  "it": "Sostituzione aromatica elettrofila",
  "ja": "求電子芳香族置換",
  "ko": "친전자성 방향족 치환",
  "lv": "Elektrofilā aromātiskā aizvietošana",
  "nb": "Elektrofil aromatisk substitusjon",
  "nl": "Elektrofiele aromatische substitutie",
  "pl": "Elektrofilowa substytucja aromatyczna",
  "pt-BR": "Substituição aromática eletrofílica",
  "pt-PT": "Substituição aromática eletrofílica",
  "ro": "Substituție aromatică electrofilă",
  "ru": "Электрофильное ароматическое замещение",
  "sk": "Elektrofilná aromatická substitúcia",
  "sl": "Elektrofilna aromatska substitucija",
  "sv": "Elektrofil aromatisk substitution",
  "th": "การแทนที่อะโรมาติกแบบอิเล็กโทรฟิลิก",
  "tr": "Elektrofilik aromatik sübstitüsyon",
  "uk": "Електрофільне ароматичне заміщення",
  "vi": "Thế thơm ái điện tử",
  "zh-Hans": "亲电芳香取代",
  "zh": "亲电芳香取代"
}
Starting Material

c1ccccc1

Product

c1ccccc1[N+](=O)[O-]

Reagents

HNO₃, H₂SO₄

Conditions
{
  "en": "Heat",
  "ar": "تسخين",
  "cs": "Zahrivani",
  "da": "Varme",
  "de": "Hitze",
  "el": "Θέρμανση",
  "es-419": "Calor",
  "es-ES": "Calor",
  "es": "Calor",
  "fi": "Lämpö",
  "fr": "Chaleur",
  "he": "חימום",
  "hr": "Toplina",
  "hu": "Hő",
  "id": "Panas",
  "it": "Calore",
  "ja": "加熱",
  "ko": "열",
  "lv": "Sildisana",
  "nb": "Varme",
  "nl": "Verhitten",
  "pl": "Ogrzewanie",
  "pt-BR": "Calor",
  "pt-PT": "Calor",
  "ro": "Căldură",
  "ru": "Нагрев",
  "sk": "Zahrievanie",
  "sl": "Segrevanje",
  "sv": "Värme",
  "th": "ความร้อน",
  "tr": "Isı",
  "uk": "Нагрівання",
  "vi": "Nhiệt",
  "zh-Hans": "加热",
  "zh": "加热"
}
Mechanism
[
  {
    "smiles": "c1ccccc1",
    "description": {
      "en": "Benzene",
      "ar": "بنزين",
      "cs": "Benzen",
      "da": "Benzen",
      "de": "Benzol",
      "el": "Βενζόλιο",
      "es-419": "Benceno",
      "es-ES": "Benceno",
      "es": "Benceno",
      "fi": "Bentseeni",
      "fr": "Benzène",
      "he": "בנזן",
      "hr": "Benzen",
      "hu": "Benzol",
      "id": "Benzena",
      "it": "Benzene",
      "ja": "ベンゼン",
      "ko": "벤젠",
      "lv": "Benzols",
      "nb": "Benzen",
      "nl": "Benzeen",
      "pl": "Benzen",
      "pt-BR": "Benzeno",
      "pt-PT": "Benzeno",
      "ro": "Benzen",
      "ru": "Бензол",
      "sk": "Benzen",
      "sl": "Benzen",
      "sv": "Bensen",
      "th": "เบนซีน",
      "tr": "Benzen",
      "uk": "Бензен",
      "vi": "Benzen",
      "zh-Hans": "苯",
      "zh": "苯"
    }
  },
  {
    "smiles": "c1ccccc1",
    "description": {
      "en": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) forms from HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "ar": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium أيون) يتكوّن من HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "cs": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) vznika z HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "da": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) danner fra HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "de": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) bildet aus HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "el": "NO₂⁺ (nitrσεium iσε) σχηματίζεται από HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "es-419": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se forma desde HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "es-ES": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se forma desde HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "es": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se forma desde HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "fi": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) muodostaa lähtien HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "fr": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se forme à partir de HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "he": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium יון) נוצר מ HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "hr": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) nastaje iz HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "hu": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) képződik ebből HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "id": "NO₂⁺ (ion nitronium) terbentuk dari HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "it": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) si forma da HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "ja": "HNO₃ + H₂SO₄からNO₂⁺(ニトロニウムイオン)が生成する",
      "ko": "HNO₃ + H₂SO₄에서 NO₂⁺(나이트로늄 이온)가 형성됨",
      "lv": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium jons) veidojas nav HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "nb": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) danner fra HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "nl": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) vormt uit HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "pl": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium jon) powstaje z HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "pt-BR": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se forma de HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "pt-PT": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se forma de HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "ro": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) se formează din HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "ru": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ион) образуется из HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "sk": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) vznika z HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "sl": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) nastane iz HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "sv": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion) bildar från HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "th": "เกิด NO₂⁺ (ไอออนไนโตรเนียม) จาก HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "tr": "HNO₃ + H₂SO₄ten NO₂⁺ (nitrüzerindeyum iyüzerindeu) oluşur",
      "uk": "NO₂⁺ (nitronium іон) утворюється з HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "vi": "NO₂⁺ (ion nitronium) hình thành từ HNO₃ + H₂SO₄",
      "zh-Hans": "HNO₃ + H₂SO₄ 形成 NO₂⁺(硝酰阳离子)",
      "zh": "HNO₃ + H₂SO₄ 形成 NO₂⁺(硝酰阳离子)"
    }
  },
  {
    "smiles": "c1ccccc1[N+](=O)[O-]",
    "description": {
      "en": "Electrophilic attack, then loss of H⁺",
      "ar": "إلكتروفيلي هجوم, ثم فقدان من H⁺",
      "cs": "Elektrofilni utok, potom ztrata z H⁺",
      "da": "Elektrofilt angreb, derefter tab af H⁺",
      "de": "Elektrophiler Angriff, dann Verlust von H⁺",
      "el": "Ηλεκτρονιόφιλη επίθεση, έπειτα loss της H⁺",
      "es-419": "Electrofílico attack, luego loss of H⁺",
      "es-ES": "Electrofílico attack, luego loss of H⁺",
      "es": "Electrofílico attack, luego loss of H⁺",
      "fi": "Elektrofiilinen hyökkäys, sitten H⁺:n menetys",
      "fr": "Électrophile attack, puis loss of H⁺",
      "he": "אלקטרופילי תקיפה, ואז אובדן של H⁺",
      "hr": "Elektrofilno napad, zatim gubitak od H⁺",
      "hu": "Elektrofil támadás, majd loss of H⁺",
      "id": "Serangan elektrofilik, lalu kehilangan H⁺",
      "it": "Elettrofilo attack, poi loss of H⁺",
      "ja": "求電子攻撃、その後H⁺の喪失",...
Tips
[
  {
    "en": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ to generate NO₂⁺",
    "ar": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ إلى generate NO₂⁺",
    "cs": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ na generate NO₂⁺",
    "da": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ til generate NO₂⁺",
    "de": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ zu generate NO₂⁺",
    "el": "H₂SO₄ protσεσεes HNO₃ σε generσεe NO₂⁺",
    "es-419": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ a generate NO₂⁺",
    "es-ES": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ a generate NO₂⁺",
    "es": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ a generate NO₂⁺",
    "fi": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ kohti generate NO₂⁺",
    "fr": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ en generate NO₂⁺",
    "he": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ ל generate NO₂⁺",
    "hr": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ u generate NO₂⁺",
    "hu": "H₂SO₄ protonnáles HNO₃ to genernále NO₂⁺",
    "id": "H₂SO₄ memprotonasi HNO₃ untuk menghasilkan NO₂⁺",
    "it": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ a generate NO₂⁺",
    "ja": "H₂SO₄がHNO₃をプロトン化し、NO₂⁺を生成する",
    "ko": "H₂SO₄가 HNO₃를 양성자화하여 NO₂⁺를 생성함",
    "lv": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ uz generate NO₂⁺",
    "nb": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ til generate NO₂⁺",
    "nl": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ tot generate NO₂⁺",
    "pl": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ do generate NO₂⁺",
    "pt-BR": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ a generate NO₂⁺",
    "pt-PT": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ a generate NO₂⁺",
    "ro": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ la generate NO₂⁺",
    "ru": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ в generate NO₂⁺",
    "sk": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ na generate NO₂⁺",
    "sl": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ v generate NO₂⁺",
    "sv": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ till generate NO₂⁺",
    "th": "H₂SO₄ โปรตอนเนต HNO₃ เพื่อสร้าง NO₂⁺",
    "tr": "H₂SO₄, NO₂⁺ oluşturmak içiçinde HNO₃ü protüzerindelar",
    "uk": "H₂SO₄ protonates HNO₃ до generate NO₂⁺",
    "vi": "H₂SO₄ proton hóa HNO₃ để tạo NO₂⁺",
    "zh-Hans": "H₂SO₄ 质子化 HNO₃ 以生成 NO₂⁺",
    "zh": "H₂SO₄ 质子化 HNO₃ 以生成 NO₂⁺"
  },
  {
    "en": "NO₂ is meta-director and deactivating",
    "ar": "NO₂ هو meta-director و deactivating",
    "cs": "NO₂ je meta-director a deactivating",
    "da": "NO₂ er meta-director og deactivating",
    "de": "NO₂ ist meta-director und deactivating",
    "el": "NO₂ is meta-directή και απενεργοποιητικό",
    "es-419": "NO₂ es meta-director y deactivating",
    "es-ES": "NO₂ es meta-director y deactivating",
    "es": "NO₂ es meta-director y deactivating",
    "fi": "NO₂ on meta-director ja deactivating",
    "fr": "NO₂ est meta-director et deactivating",
    "he": "NO₂ הוא meta-director ו deactivating",
    "hr": "NO₂ je meta-director i deactivating",
    "hu": "NO₂ is meta-directvagy és deaktiváló",
    "id": "NO₂ adalah pengarah meta dan menonaktifkan cincin",
    "it": "NO₂ è meta-director e deactivating",
    "ja": "NO₂はmeta配向性で不活性化基",
    "ko": "NO₂는 meta-지향성이고 비활성화기임",
    "lv": "NO₂ ir meta-director un deactivating",
    "nb": "NO₂ er meta-director og deactivating",
    "nl": "NO₂ is meta-director en deactivating",
    "pl": "NO₂ jest meta-director i deactivating",
    "pt-BR": "NO₂ é meta-director e deactivating",
    "pt-PT": "NO₂ é meta-director e deactivating",
    "ro": "NO₂ este meta-director și deactivating",
    "ru": "NO₂ является meta-director и deactivating",
    "sk": "NO₂ je meta-director a deactivating",
    "sl": "NO₂ je meta-director v deactivating",
    "sv": "NO₂ är meta-director och deactivating",
    "th": "NO₂ เป็นตัวกำกับตำแหน่ง meta และทำให้วงถูกลดความไว",
    "tr": "NO₂ meta yönlendiricidir ve deaktivveır",
    "uk": "NO₂ є meta-director і deactivating",
    "vi": "NO₂ định hướng meta và làm giảm hoạt hóa",
    "zh-Hans": "NO₂ 是间位定位、钝化基团",
    "zh": "NO₂ 是间位定位、钝化基团"
  },
  {
    "en": "Further nitration requires harsher conditions",
    "ar": "Further nitration requires harsher شروط",
    "cs": "Further nitration requires harsher podminky",
    "da": "Further nitration kræver harsher conditions",
    "de": "Further nitration erfordert harsher conditions",
    "el": "Further nitrσεiσε απαιτεί harsher συνθήκες",
    "es-419": "Further nitración requires harsher condiciones",
    "es-ES": "Further nitración require...
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